The Thinkers Sphere is a higher-order sphere which uses skills from the other two spheres to engage in critical and creative thinking. 

The Three Spheres of Library Skills - Thinkers Video

Watch an overview of the Thinkers Sphere published by Teacher Magazine.

Downloadable Posters

External Resources

Lateral Reading Resources

The COR curriculum provides free lessons and assessments that help you teach students to evaluate online information that affects them, their communities, and the world.

The News Literacy Project is building a national movement to advance the practice of news literacy throughout society, creating better informed, more engaged and more empowered individuals.y.

The Poynter Institute offers a concise introduction to lateral reading  and how it is used by the MediaWise team.

How can students get better at sorting truth from fiction from everything in between? 

The four moves are: Stop, Investigate the source, find better coverage, trace the original context.

Critical Literacy Resources

The Conspiracy Test is a gamified interactive platform to help increase healthy skepticism for conspiracy theories.

Hoaxes and Fakes is a lesson plan from Common Sense Education about how not to be fooled by fake videos and other information online.

YourBias.is explores cognitive biases, shortcuts in our thinking which make our judgement irrational. It has been designed to help you identify some of the most common biases affecting your thinking..

The Critical Thinking Alliance provides critical thinking resources and topical recommendations for fighting misinformation and promoting scientific understanding and rationality.

ABC Education Questioning Media collection. Includes videos and activities.


Reality Team is a non-profit working to push credible information into social media feeds. We research complicated issues, share what we learn and always list our sources.


Ask questions. Share credible info. Scroll on...


Lifeology course on 'Countering Misinformation'. Presented as an engaging slideshow, the course features visual metaphor illustrations and a narrative structure.


NewsGuard provides professional misinformation tracking tools, but also has regular posts and blogs on topics of interest to fake news.

Fake News Inoculation Games

GO VIRAL! is a 5-minute game that helps protect you against misinformation. You’ll learn about some of the most common strategies used to spread false and misleading information. 

Harmony Square is a game about fake news.  You, the player, are hired as Chief Disinformation Officer. Over the course of 4 short levels, your job is to disturb the square’s peace and quiet by fomenting internal divisions and pitting its residents against each other. 


Cat Park is a disinformation inoculation game. In the game your city is building a park just for cats. Your goal is to stop that from happening using disinformation tactics like emotional language and polarization, turning the public against the park.

The original Cambridge University developed fake news inoculation game.

Fake Content Websites

All About Explorers

Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus

Republic of Molossia

Fact Checking Resources

Snopes is the oldest and largest fact-checking site online, widely regarded by journalists, folklorists, and readers as an invaluable research companion. 

AAP is Australia's independent newswire service AAP fact check covers recent news items as well as fact-checking skill resources. 

Full Fact is an independent fact checking organisation from the UK. They fact check claims made by politicians, public institutions and journalists, as well as viral content online. We all deserve information we can trust .


A collaborative Australian fact checking service from the ABC and RMIT.

JF and YA Books on Fake News and Critical Literacy

Killer Underwear Invasion  is a funny, yet informative book which breaks down what fake news is, why people spread it, and how to tell what is true and what isn’t. Aimed at children, this book has many images that are suitable for discussion with older students as well.

In True or False, former CIA analyst Cindy Otis will take readers through the history and impact of fake news over the centuries, sharing stories from the past and insights that readers today can gain from them. Then she shares lessons learned in over a decade working for the CIA, including actionable tips on how to spot fake news.


In this accessible guide, Dr. Seema Yasmin, an award-winning journalist, scientist, medical professional, and professor, traces the spread of misinformation and disinformation through our fast-moving media landscape and teaches young readers the skills that will help them identify and counter poorly-sourced clickbait and misleading headlines. 

At a time when we're constantly flooded with contradictory information and opinions, critical thinking skills are more important than ever. This accessible workbook is full of valuable insights, thought-provoking questions, and useful exercises to help teens and preteens expand their perspectives, skillfully navigate thorny issues, recognize bias, identify misinformation, and become more comfortable with dissent and differences of opinion 

References and Further Reading

Ecker, U.K.H., Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J. et al. (2022) The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction. Nat Rev Psychol 1, 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-021-00006-y (Highly recommended)

Pogacar, R., Lowrey, T. M., & Shrum, L. J. (2017). The Influence of MarketingLanguage on Brand Attitudes and Choice. In The Routledge Companion toConsumer Behavior (pp. 263-275). Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315526935-17

Pogacar, R., Mecit, A., Gao, F., Shrum, L. J., & Lowrey, T. M. (2022). Language and consumer psychology. In L. R. Kahle, T. M. Lowrey, & J. Huber, APA handbook of consumer psychology (pp. 451–470). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000262-019